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:''Not to be confused with National Alliance (Pakistan).'' The Pakistan National Alliance (Urdu: پاکستان قومی اتحاد, Acronym: PNA), was a populist and consolidated right-wing political alliance, consisting of nine political parties of the country. Formed in 1977, the country's leading right-wing parties agreed upon to run a political campaign as a single bloc against the left oriented PPP in the 1977 general elections. Despite each parties standing with different ideology, PNA was noted for its large physical momentum and its right-wing orientation, originally aimed to oppose Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and the PPP.〔(Navaz Sharif - A man between enemies )〕 Despite its right-wing populist agenda, the alliance performed poorly in 1977 general elections and leveled accusations of rigging the elections. After months of spontaneous violent political activism, the martial law came in effect under chief of army staff General Zia-ul-Haq who made call for a political retribution. By 1978, the alliance met its end when parties were diverged in each of its agenda. The left wing parties later would form the MRD alliance under PPP to oppose President Zia-ul-Haq in the 1980s and the right-wing forming the IDA alliance under PML. ==History== The PPP came in power politics after the loss of East-Pakistan in 1971. After uplifting the martial law in 1972 and promulgating the constitution in 1973, the PPP made slow efforts to advance the "Islam and democracy" in the country, but intensified the socialism with a vengeance. First and foremost, the nationalization program was carried out to centralized the large-scale industries, private-sector and commercial corporation in order to set up the strong state sector.〔 Resentment and heavy disapproval came from the elite corporate sector and PPP intensified its public programs at the social circles.〔 Although the general elections were to be held on half of 1977, Bhutto made a move and called for holding the general elections on 7 January 1977. Early calls for the elections was an idea to not to given time to the opposition in order to make decisions and arrangements for the forthcoming elections.〔 Immediately after the announcement, Bhutto started his election campaign and began allotting party tickets to party's candidates.〔 Sensing the difficulty of facing PPP alone, the conservative mass began to consolidate when ''JeI'' contacting the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) and TeI. The other small nine parties too joined the alliance and initially called for ending the era of stagflation in the country and its manifesto was to bring back the 1970 prices.〔 On social views, the implementation of Islam was its primary election slogan. They promised to enforce Islamic laws "Nizam-e-Mustafa" and the Sharia laws.〔 The PNA's parties were a conglomerate of diverse views and of contradictory causes and united by common dislike of PPP's autocratic policies: PNA Divergence 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pakistan National Alliance」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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